s0213l-ARISTOTLE (Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs) born 384 BC was born in Stageira, Chalcidice, Greece, writer, philosopher and student of Plato, passed 3/322 BC, teacher to Alexander the Great
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Image is bust of Aristotle. Marble, Roman copy after a Greek bronze original by Lysippos from 330 BC; the alabaster mantle is a modern addition.
His father, Nicomachus was the personal physician to King Amyntas of Macedon, Aristotle was trained and educated as a member of the aristocracy, most writings in dialogue form are gone and those remaining are in treatise form, he was a polymath or homo universalis (universal person), was both writer and contributor to physics, government, politics, biology, zoology, logic, ethics, rhetoric, and poetry, he said philosophy is the science of the universal essence of that which is actual, one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy, created a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and science, politics and metaphysics, works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, all aspects of his philosophy continue to be the object of active academic study, majority of his writings are now lost and only about one third of the original works have survived, he established his own school known as the Lyceum, he studied anatomy, astronomy, economics, embryology, geography, geology, meteorology, physics and zoology, in philosophy, he wrote on aesthetics, ethics, government, metaphysics, politics, psychology, rhetoric and theology, what we today call Aristotelian logic, Aristotle himself would have labeled "analytics", the term "logic" he reserved to mean dialectics, most of Aristotle's work is probably not in its original form, since it was most likely edited by students and later lecturers, the logical works of Aristotle were compiled into six books in about the early 1st century AD: 1 Categories, 2 On Interpretation, 3 Prior Analytics, 4 Posterior Analytics, 5 Topics, 6 On Sophistical Refutations, Aristotle's philosophy aims at the universal, he, however, found the universal in particular things, which he called the essence of things, while Plato finds that the universal exists apart from particular things, and is related to them as their prototype or exemplar, he introduced the fundamental notion that nature is composed of things that change, said each of the four earthly elements has its natural place; the earth at the centre of the universe, then water, then air, then fire. When they are out of their natural place they have natural motion, requiring no external cause, which is towards that place; so bodies sink in water, air bubbles up, rain falls, flame rises in air. The heavenly element has perpetual circular motion.
writings;
'Categories', 'On Interpretation', 'Prior Analytics', 'Posterior Analytics', 'Topics', 'On Sophistical Refutations', 'Physics', 'On the Heavens', 'On Generation and Corruption', 'Meteorology', 'On the Cosmos', 'On the Soul', 'Little Physical Treatises', 'On Sense and Sensible', 'On Memory and Reminiscence', 'On Sleep and Sleeplessness', 'On Dreams', 'On Prophesying by Dreams', 'On Longevity and Shortness of Life', 'On Youth and Old Age', 'On Breathing', 'On Breath', 'History of Animals', 'On Parts of Animals', 'On the Gait of Animals', 'On the Progression of Animals', On the Generation of Animals', 'On Colours', 'De Audibilibus', 'Physiognomics', 'On Plants', 'On Marvellous Things Heard', 'Mechanical Problems', 'Problems', 'On Indivisible Lines', 'Situations and Names of Winds', 'On Melissus, Xenophanes, and Gorgias', 'Metaphysics', 'Nicomachean Ethics', 'Great Ethics', 'Eudemian Ethics', 'Virtues and Vices', 'Politics', 'Economics', 'Rhetoric', 'Rhetoric to Alexander', 'Poetics', 'The Constitution of the Athenians' at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle